Wednesday, December 4, 2013

Essays From Film School: Larry Sanders

Garry Shandling had already cut his teeth in the talk show world by guest hosting The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson during the 1980’s.  When he created The Larry Sanders Show, he had a good idea on how the talk show world operated.  He was able to learn from the man everybody in the business called the best.  In the process, he created his own version of the work place sitcom, but in this sitcom, celebrity cameos actually made sense.  He created a show based on his own view of Hollywood relationships and the darkness but also camaraderie they entail.  In short, the people love each other, but Hollywood gets in the way (Lloyd).  Thus, the show displayed how Sanders and the rest of the cast and crew dealt with each other and their guests.  An important aspect in these relationships was how they interacted with gay guests and gay co-workers.  Homosexual characters played a significant part on The Larry Sanders Show by having to deal with all of the Hollywood nonsense that everyone else had to work with.  The Larry Sanders Show had a progressive view on homosexuality and presented its gay characters in a positive non-stereotypical fashion.  For that they should be commended, or at the very least have an essay written about them.
            One of the first episodes of the show to deal with a homosexual character is an episode from the second season called “Performance Artist”.  In an appeal to look edgy and fresh, Larry and Artie book gay performance artist Tim Miller for the show and then after watching his set, nix the show.  The rest of the episode deals with the backlash they face due to their decision.  Tim Miller is a performance artist whose act deals with his experiences being a gay man in America and who the mainstream press usually refers to as an “aggressively homosexual” (Johnson 139).  The real life writers of The Larry Sanders Show booked him because he was hot at the time and was coming off a huge controversy where he was denied a grant from the Arts Endowment, despite the fact that he had been a successful performer for two decades (Johnson 137).  He had little mainstream exposure and had never appear on a talk show before.  This was most likely due to his reviewers calling his act aggressively homosexual.  In putting him on the show, the writers of The Larry Sanders Show had already showed a progressive view.  They had booked an act that was unfairly labeled as controversial and had given him some mainstream exposure.  They even showed some of his act on the show.  For many viewers, this had probably been the first time they were directly exposed to Tim Millers’ art.  No matter how they viewed it, his act had been given a salience that was not shown on television at the time.  Since it was on HBO, the show could get away with displaying one of the more graphic parts of his piece My Queer Body.  Just from a casting stand point, the show has already taken a progressive stance towards homosexual performers.  They book an original and proud gay artist on the show to do his act.  They let him do his performance the way he sees fit and gave him the exposure he had been denied in the past.  They let the man act true to himself and they did not mock him for it.
            All of the previous events happened externally.  In the context of the show, Larry Sanders and Artie first welcome the performer with open arms.  After a booking agent describes Miller’s act as “a provocative monologist who talks about his own life as a gay man in America…Anecdote, humor, observation, and social comment…channeled through life experience.” (Johnson 140), the only question Sanders asks is if he is funny.  No mention at all about what the act will specifically entail.  All Sanders cares about is whether he will be good for the talk show and make with the funny.  In the beginning there is a view of open-mindedness and tolerance of an act that is a major departure from the show’s norm.  After Tim Miller performs his act on the show, Sanders defends him from the hecklers in the crowd discussing how in America we have a right to freedom of speech.  Up until this point, the home-viewing audience believes Larry Sanders is on the side of tolerance and understanding, but this quickly changes when he and Artie decide to pull him from the show.  The first thing they say when they want to pull him from the show is that they are not pulling him because he is gay, but because the network would feel uncomfortable about his act.  This is a weak reason to pull Tim Miller, and the show admits that when the network reviews the episode and reveals they don’t have a problem with his performance.  The decision of intolerance and censorship falls on Artie and Sanders.  They then fail to adhere to the values of free speech they previously espoused.
            Now The Larry Sanders Show shows why it has a progressive view of homosexuality.  Immediately after the censorship of Tim Miller, everything fall aparts for Larry Sanders.  He is criticized by everyone from Roseanne and Tom Arnold to even Jay Leno.  His decision to go on the censorship and homophobic route are instantly treated with scorn by the surrounding community.  He loses very badly and the show is unflinching in its depiction of how wrong Sanders’ decision was.  Roseanne criticizes him as a comic for supporting censorship and the show doesn’t even give Sanders’ good rebuttals to her points.  He gets chewed out and rightfully so.  He tries to extend the olive branch, but Tim Miller does not bite and instead goes on Jay Leno’s show to perform the same bit to acclaim.  This is a major indictment of Sanders’ action.  Jay Leno is seen as the blandest and safest television host.  He is anything but controversial and is the farthest away from the edge as one can be.  He sometimes admits this when he is not tinkering with his millions of cars.  Once Miller performs My Queer Body, Leno goes up to him and says “I can’t believe that’s the same piece of material they wouldn’t let you do” (Johnson 138).  To have Jay Leno say something is not controversial and right for everybody on The Tonight Show, highlights the wrongness of Sanders’ decision.  The final insult to Sanders has been thrown down.  Jay Leno once again succeeds where others fail.
            Starting in season four, the show added a gay secretary for Hank Kingsley to compensate for the loss of his old secretary, Darlene.  Scott Thompson was cast in the role of Hanks’ gay secretary, Brian.  Scott Thompson said he sought to make sure the character was not a stereotype and the writers responded by making him just a normal part of the staff.  The only real stereotypical gay behaviors he exhibits are that he is very organized and used to work for Barbra Streisand.  The show does not treat his gayness with any animosity or as something to be mocked.  He is treated as a valued member of the staff who is gay.  The show does later discuss workplace harassment with Brian, but in his appearances on the show, no lingering hatred is shown.  Hank Kingsley shows some problems with him, but that is quickly swept under the rug when Brian displays his competence.  Kingsley threatens to fire Brain and the show takes another opportunity to mock a homophobic action.  Artie and Sanders both tell Kingsley he cannot fire Brian because of he is gay and they challenge him to come up with a phony reason to fire him, confident that Kingsley will probably fail in the action.  Since it is Hank Kingsley it is very easy for the writers to come up with areas to show how foolish the character can be.  The ploy is successful and Hank comes to his senses and decides to put his prejudice aside and let Brian continue to work for him.  Kingsley realizes that competence is much more important than sexual orientation in a working environment. 
By making Brian a competent non caricatured character, The Larry Sanders Show puts forth a positive gay character on television.  He is not a flamboyant queen character.  The staff quickly accepts him for that and works along him with no real qualms.  The staff also interacts with Brian outside of the workplace as shown with Brian and Hanks’ night out in the episode “Matchmaker”.  Hank has no problems going out to gay bars to try and help Brian rebound after his break up.  The show presents the situation as any other show would have with straight characters.  They go to bars and hit on people.  There is no dramatic change in the depiction of the characters at the gay bar.  They are shown as the normal people they are; there is no mocking depiction of them.  The only time that gayness becomes a problem is when the media starts to assume Hank is gay after his night out on the town.  The show does not mock Brian; it again mocks Hank’s homophobia.  Hank is giving a comeuppance in his attempt to be prove himself as a straight man by having him unknowingly date a transsexual.  Like Larry before him, Hank has to pay for taking a homophobic move.  Any time a character acts homophobic; they get a comeuppance and soon realize they were wrong to act in that way.  Hank’s comeuppance is done in a more dramatic way befitting of his own hilarious ignorance and self-importance.  Of course he would try to dispel gay rumors by unknowingly dating a transsexual.  It only makes sense for it to happen to Hank.  The only surprising aspect about the scenario is that it happened so late in the series.
In the second to last episode of the show, “Putting the ‘Gay’ Back in Litigation”, the show starts to deal with the effects of Brian being the only gay person in a work space.  Brian sues head writer Phil for sexual harassment due to the numerous gay jokes Phil had directed towards him.  The episode shows the struggle that can entail being a gay man in an unfriendly environment.  When Brian seeks support from Beverley over his lawsuit, he thinks she will be on his side due to the prejudice she has encountered as a black women.  She rebukes him by saying that his homosexuality is a choice and nearly tells him that he should pray away the gay.  A previously gay-friendly character is shown to having unconscious homophobic thoughts.  Her comment is taken with righteous disbelief by Brian as he walks away from her.  The show displays the kind of casual homophobia Brian has to deal with on a daily basis.  Beverley does not get the usual Sanders’ comeuppance that happens once a character spews out an anti-gay sentiment, but she loses some of the respect of the audience and Brian for her remarks.  She turns into part of the problem rather than a member of support.  This isn’t to say Beverley is a bigot.  She has been one of Brian’s’ closest friends on the show and all her goodwill does not go away with an ignorant remark.  It goes to show that even people Brian thought were friends don’t really understand who he is.  People still have a long way to go in fully understanding and accepting gay people as a part of mainstream culture and this small snippet displays some attitudes that need to be changed.
Phil’s jokes around Brian form the main conflict in this episode.  A sequence around the way Brian tries to provoke Phil into making jokes presents the way Brian is not a stereotypical gay character.    Brian comes into the office wearing pink booty shorts with a leather shirt and cap.  Seeing Brian dressed like this is funny not just because it is an interesting combination, but also because it is so out of character for Brian.  Never has Brian ever worn anything that was even close to the outfit he wore in that brief sequence.  Brian is combating Phil’s homophobia straight on with an outlandish caricature.  He is fighting back against Phil by using his own jokes against him.  Phil falls into this trap and his jokes lead to his being sued, but to an even larger comeuppance later.
The comeuppance for Phil occurs near the end of the episode where he and Brian discuss the upcoming lawsuit.  Brian makes a plea that Phil represents every gay bully he has ever had to face in his life.  This is the first time we get to delve into what it was like for Brian to be a gay man.  He explicitly states that every joke is an attack against him no matter how light-hearted the intention may be.  Being part of a minority group has taken a toll on Brian as he constantly has to fight for his right to be accepted.  This suppression of his rights as a human being has led to him drawing up this lawsuit.  The show does not make Brian into a villain for suing the show.  The villain is Phil for potentially ruining the legacy of the show and more importantly hurting one of the valued members of the staff.  Everybody on the show yells at Phil for abusing Brian.  Nobody gets mad at Brian.  They ask him to try and settle out of court, but nobody acts malicious towards him.  The show justifies his actions in this way by showing him as a victim trying to right a wrong, rather than as somebody trying to exploit the last days of a cancelled talk show.  The homophobia Phil displays turns out to be a front for his own repressed homosexuality.  His make out scene with Brian is the way the show gets back at him for being such a homophobe.  His anger and jokes are just masks for repressed feelings.  This may feel like a cop out ending as it doesn’t make much sense for a gay man to make out with a straight man who bullied him.  Brian making out with Phil may be explained as a way to say that they have gotten over their difference and have decided to at the least stay friends.  So, it is a happy ending for all.
In conclusion, The Larry Sanders Show puts forth a progressive view of homosexuality and treats its gay characters and guests with dignity and respect.   They are not made out to be stereotypes or caricatures.  They are as three dimensional as the medium of television will allow them to be.  There are some problems with the depictions of these gay characters but that is minor compared to the many good things that are shown.  The show never lets any character get away with major displays of homophobia because later in the episode they will be punished for it.  They learn from their prejudice and enter the next episode smarter and more tolerant and ready to make the same mistakes again next week.  After all it is a comedy show and they have to make with the funny.  And The Larry Sanders Show does make with the funny.  Hopefully Garry Shandling can start making with the funny again.  He deserves a comeback already. 

Works Cited
Copeland, Edward. "Larry Sanders: Changing Television and Changing Lives." Chicago Sun-Times. N.p., 14 Sept. 2012. Web. 08 Dec. 2012. <http://blogs.suntimes.com/demand/2012/09/larry_sanders_changing_television_and_changing_lives.html>.
Day, Richard, Alex Gregory, and Peter Huyck. "Putting the "Gay" Back in Litigation." The Larry Sanders Show. HBO. 17 May 1998. Television.
Johnson, Glen M. "Preforming Access: Tim Miller, Larry Sanders, and Jay Leno." Text & Performance Quarterly 18.2 (1998): 137-46. EBSCOhost. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=40124ee7-5f68-4d30-a108-8265e15852c5%sessionmgr114&vid=2&hid=122>.
Lloyd, Robert. "'The Complete Larry Sanders': Garry Shandling, Jeffrey Tambor and Judd Apatow Remember." Latimes.com. Los Angeles Times, 30 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. <http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/shandling-apatow-and-tambor-on-the-complete-larry-sanders.html>.Shandling, Garry, Dennis Klein, and John Riggi. "Hank's New Assistant." The Larry Sanders Show. HBO. 26 July 1995. Television.
Shandling, Garry, Dennis Klein, and John Riggi. "Matchmaker." The Larry Sanders Show. HBO. 8 Jan. 1997. Television.
Thompson, Chris, John Riggi, and Drake Sather. "Performance Artist." The Larry Sanders Show. HBO. 25 Aug. 1993. Television.

   

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